Design and experimental analysis of a low-frequency resonant hybridized nanogenerator with a wide bandwidth and high output power density

This study presents the design and analysis of a low-frequency resonant hybridized nanogenerator (LFR-HN) with a wide bandwidth and high output power density. The device integrates an electromagnetic generator (EMG) using a Halbach magnet array and a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with nanostructured surfaces to effectively scavenge energy from low-frequency ambient vibrations.

• Design of a low-frequency resonant hybridized nanogenerator (LFR-HN).
• Use of a Halbach magnet array in the EMG to increase power density.
• Utilization of nanostructured PTFE and Al in the TENG to enhance output.
• Demonstration of high power density from both shaker tests and manual human vibrations.

The LFR-HN was fabricated by integrating an EMG with a Halbach magnet array and a TENG with nanostructured surfaces. The device was tested under a dynamic shaker and various manual vibrations (hand banging, leg stomping, walking) to evaluate its performance at low frequencies.

The LFR-HN exhibited a resonant frequency of 31.8 Hz (EMG) and a wide bandwidth of 19.4 Hz (TENG). It delivered a maximum average power of 2.61 mW, corresponding to a power density of 0.261 mW/cm³ at 18 Hz and 0.85 g acceleration. Manual vibrations also produced significant power densities, demonstrating its potential for powering portable electronics from ambient vibrations.