A human-machine interactive hybridized biomechanical nanogenerator as a self-sustainable power source for multifunctional smart electronics applications

This paper reports a human–machine interactive hybridized biomechanical nanogenerator (HMI-HBNG) that includes an electromagnetic generator (EMG) with a Halbach magnet array and an interdigitated electrode-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The design enhances power output for applications in multifunctional smart electronics, with the Halbach array increasing EMG power eightfold.

• Development of a human-machine interactive hybridized biomechanical nanogenerator (HMI-HBNG).
• Use of a Halbach magnet array to increase EMG output power eightfold.
• Enhanced TENG efficiency through nanostructured films.
• Demonstrated fast charging of a Li-ion battery and simultaneous operation of multiple electronic devices.

The HMI-HBNG integrates an EMG with a Halbach magnet array and a TENG with nanostructured PTFE and nylon/11 films. Its performance was evaluated under a 5 Hz, 20 m/s² acceleration. Practical application was shown by charging a battery and powering devices like a Bluetooth mouse, smartwatch, and smartphone using a custom power management circuit.

The HMI-HBNG shows a maximum output power density of 185 W/m² at 5 Hz. It charged an 18 mAh Li-ion battery from 0 V to 3 V in about 10 seconds and operated multiple devices for 3 minutes. This represents significant progress toward a practical self-powered system.